![]() ![]() The flashpoint is an indication of the combustibility of a liquid. Flashpoint is the lowest temperature at which the crude oil flashes into a vapor that is able to ignite on exposure to an open flame. bunkers fuel.įlash and fire points are important characterization properties that are related to the process safety and transmission of refinery units. For heavy products obtained from crude oil, viscosity is a very crucial property to measure as well as viscosity plays an important characterization property in the blending units, especially for a heavy product e.g. Normally, the measurements of viscosity are carried out at temperatures of 100 oF and 210 oF. The unit that is used to define viscosity is centistokes or say bolt seconds or redwood seconds. What is the Viscosity of Crude Oil?įlow properties of refinery streams are measured by viscosity. Therefore, the TBP curve does indicate a good separation of the different components while ASTM does not indicate a good separation of a different component. However, the main difference between True Boiling Point & ASTM distillation curve is that the TBP curve is generated using a batch distillation setup containing less than 100 trays with a higher reflux ratio while the ASTM distillation curve is plotted in a single-stage apparatus and the absence of reflux. The boiling points of different volume fractions are determined. These TBP & Distillation curves are determined at atmospheric pressure. The TBP/ASTM distillation curve is the most important property of the crude and intermediate product streams. What is True boiling Point (TBP)/ASTM distillation curves? Typically, inorganic sulfur that is normally found in various intermediate product streams is removed by the hydrogenation process using hydrogen as hydrogen sulfide. This indicates that large quantities of inorganic sulfur need to be removed from the fuel. Presently, India is heading towards the generation of diesel with Euro III standards that indicate that the maximum sulfur content is about 500 ppm in the product. There are several hydro-treating operations conducted in the refineries to remove sulfur from crude oil. It is observed that almost 80 % of the total crude oil across the globe is sour.Īs we know the presence of sulfur is responsible for SO 2 emission which is not desirable as well as for catalytic reactions sulfur reduces the efficiency of the catalyst. The normal range of sulfur content of crude oil is 0.5 – 5 wt %. One is sour crude which contains more sulfur and the other is sweet crude which contains low sulfur. Based on the sulfur content (less than 0.5% wt) crude oil is classified into two categories. Organic and inorganic sulfur both usually exist in crude oil. Since crude oil is excavated from reservoirs, sulfur is present in the crude oil. ![]()
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